Joseph Gunnar & Co. was fined for failing to establish and implement an AML program reasonably designed to detect and cause the reporting of potentially suspicious activity relating to transactions involving low-priced securities.

GTS Securities was fined a total of $100,000 for failing to obtain a locate in connection with proprietary short sale transactions as required by Rule 203(b)(1) of Regulation SHO.

Citadel Securities was fined $180,000 due to a system issue that caused it to report equity sale transactions to TRF with an inaccurate short sale indicator and in violation of Regulation SHO.

FIS Brokerage & Securities Services was censured and fined $48,000 in that its pre-trade risk management controls it maintained were not reasonably designed to prevent the entry of erroneous orders.

INTL FCStone Financial Inc. nka StoneX Financial Inc. was censured, fined $375,000 due to its supervisory system not being reasonably designed to detect red flags associated with trading or otherwise assess whether its customers were engaged in unlawful trading activity, such as manipulation of microcap securities and/or the sale of unregistered securities.

The Bank of Nova Scotia was fined $127.4 million for two separate orders involving spoofing, making false statements as well as for swap dealer compliance. The spoofing and attempted manipulation order, totaling $60.4 million (the largest civil monetary penalty ever in a spoofing case), arose from manipulative and deceptive conduct that spanned more than eight years, involving thousands of occasions of attempted manipulation and spoofing in gold and silver futures contracts.

Network 1 Financial Securities was censured and fined $60,000 for failing to develop and implement an AML program reasonably designed to address potential insider trading by firm customers as well as the review of microcap securities trading.

Interactive Brokers was fined and censured $38 million in total penalties to SEC, FINRA and CFTC. The charges stemmed from the lack of supervision of FFIs in high risk jurisdictions in monitoring their money movements and trading in microcap securities.

Virtu Americas (fka KCG Americas) was censured and fined $175,000 for failing to provide best execution to customer orders it had received from its broker-dealer clients outside of normal trading hours, by failing to use reasonable diligence to ascertain the best market for the subject securities and by failing to buy or sell in such a market so that the resultant prices to the customers were as favorable as possible under prevailing market conditions.

BNP Paribas Securities was censured, fined $650,000 for failing to aggregate credit thresholds for direct market access customers, and its written procedures did not reasonably guide supervisors in determining appropriate credit thresholds for customers.

Exane, Inc. was censured and fined $50,000 for failing to establish a reasonably designed system of risk management controls.

Two Sigma Securities was censured and fined $225,000 for entering certain short sale transactions without borrowing, or entering into a bona-fide arrangement to borrow the securities, or having reasonable grounds to believe they could be borrowed, by the delivery date of such securities contrary to the requirements of Rule 203(b)(1) of Regulation SHO (the locate requirement).

Arive Capital Markets An AWC was fined $45,000 for failing to implement policies and procedures that could be reasonably expected to detect and cause the reporting of potentially suspicious activity related to low-priced securities transactions.

Citigroup Global Markets was censured and fined $225,000 for effecting short sales for its own account without borrowing the security or entering into a bona fide arrangement to borrow the security, and without documenting its compliance with the locate requirement for short sale transactions.

Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC was fined $6.5M by FINRA and multiple exchanges for supervisory violations connected to SEC Rule 15c3-5 due to orders not being subjected to post-trade supervisory reviews for potential manipulative activity.

Robinhood Financial, LLC has agreed to a settlement and fine of $1.25M for best execution violations related to its customers' equity orders, in that it routed its customers’ non-directed equity orders to four broker-dealers, all of which paid Robinhood for that order flow.

Wilson-Davis & Co. was fined $1,100,000 based on findings that the firm engaged in short selling in violation of Rule 203(b)(1) of Regulation SHO because it failed to find locates for short transactions effected in low-priced stocks.

Jefferies Execution Services was censured and fined $215,000 for failing to establish and maintain a system designed to monitor for potential layering or spoofing by its direct market access clients.

CFTC settled charges totaling $67.4 million with Tower Research Capital which, among other charges, was alleged to perpetuate conduct that involved placing orders to buy or sell futures contracts with the intent to cancel those orders prior to execution.

Lek Securities will pay a $1.5M+ in penalties, disgorgement and interest in settling the SEC’s charges whereby Lek Securities admit that it made trading schemes, including potential layering and cross-market manipulation, possible by giving its client access to the U.S. markets.